mQ;ryp - $l;lzp jiytu; fhykhdhu;

[fz;zd;]

$l;lzp jiytu;  jpU rptrpjk;guk; mtu;fspd; kiwitnahl;b
vdJ Mo;e;j mDjhgj;ijAk;  mQ;rypiaAk; njuptpj;J nfhs;fpNwd;

Nkyjpf nra;jpf;F  glj;jpd; NkNy mOj;jTk;

[aho;]

mtuJ kiwT jkpo;kf;fSf;F kpfg;nghpa xh; ,og;G vdr;nrhy;yyhk;

mtiu  murpay; thjp vd;gij tpl jkpo;kf;fs; kPJk; jiyth;kPJk; ghrk; nfhz;l Xh; rl;lty;Ydh; vd;Nw ehd; nrhy;Ntd;

,d;iwa fhyfl;lj;jpy;
<Lfl;lKbahj Xh; ,og;G.vdJ mQ;rypfSk; chpj;jhfl;Lk;

[[pkjptjdd;]

jkpou; tpLjiyf;$l;lzpj;jiytu; rl;lj;juzp jpU rptrpjk;guk; mtu;fspd; kiwT ,d;iwa murpay; #o;epiyapy; kpfg;ngupa ,og;ghFk;.

mtuJ Mj;kh rhe;jpaila vdJ mQ;rypia nrYj;Jfpd;Nwd;.

[fz;zd;]

jkpou; cupikf;fhf risahJ Fuy; nfhLj;j jiytu; rpth

jkpo; fl;rpfis If;fpag;gLj;j mUk;ghLgl;ltu;

jkpo; murpaypy; mkuu; K.rptrpjk;guk; jdpj;Jtk; kpf;ftu;. mtuJ murpay; tho;T ,jw;F rupahdNjhu; vLj;Jf;fhl;L. jkpo; kf;fspd; rupahd murpay; jiyik jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfs; vd;gijg; Gupe;Jnfhz;lJld;> jk;kPJ jhf;Fjy; epfo;j;jpatu;fs; vdg; gifikghuhl;lhJ jdJ tho;tpd; vQ;rpa fhyj;ijj; jiytu; NtYg;gps;is gpughfuDf;Fj; njhz;L GuptjpNyNa nrytplg; Nghtjhfr; nrhd;dJld; nraypYk; ele;J fhl;bapUe;jhu;.

funtl;b ngupa Njhl;lj;ijj; jdJ trpg;gplkhff; nfhz;l rptrpjk;guk; jha;> je;ij ,UtopfshYk; ,U kzpaf;fhuu;fspd; Ngudhthu;. funtl;bapy; gpwe;j ,tu; jkJ Ngudhy; epWtg;gl;l rpjk;guhf; fy;Yhupapy; gbj;Nj tho;tpy; Kd;Df;F te;jpUe;jhu;. rkPgj;jpy; mf;fy;Yhupapd; gioa khztu; rq;ff; nfhOk;Gf; fpisapdu; mtiuAk;> Nguhrpupau; rptj;jk;gpiaAk; nfsutpj;jpUe;jik njupe;jNj. 1960 Mk; Mz;by; ,yq;if khu;r; khjj;jpYk;> [_iy khjj;jpYk; ,uz;L ghuhSkd;wj; Nju;jy;fis mLj;jLj;J vjpu;Nehf;fpapUe;jJ. ,t;tpU Nju;jy;fspYk; mfpy ,yq;ifj; jkpo;f; fhq;fpu]; fl;rp ngUk; Njhy;tpiar; re;jpj;jpUe;jJ. mjd; jdpg;ngUk; jiytu; mkuu; [P.[P.nghd;dk;gyk; aho;g;ghzj; njhFjpapy; RNar;ir Ntl;ghsu; my;gpul; jq;fuh[h Jiuag;ghtpdhy; Njhw;fbf;fg;gl;bUe;jhu;. ,j;Nju;jy;fs; ,uz;bYk; mf;fl;rpapd; rhu;gpy; Nghl;bapl;l xNu xU Ntl;ghsuhy; kl;LNk ntw;wpngw Kbe;jJ. mtu; NtW ahUky;y mkuu; K.rptrpjk;guk;. ,yq;ifj; jkpouRf; fl;rp je;ij nry;th jiyikapy; 1961 ngg;utup 20 Mk; jpfjp mjdJ rhj;tPf rj;jpahf;fpuf kwpay; Nghuhl;lj;ij Muk;gpj;jNghJ jkpouR - jkpo;f; fhq;fpu]; fl;rpfspd; nfhs;if NtWghLfisr; rpwpJk; nghUl;gLj;jhjtuhf jkpou; If;fpak; xd;iwNa ngupjhf vLj;Jf;nfhz;L mg;Nghuhl;lj;jpy; ,uz;lwf; fye;Jnfhz;ltu; rptrpjk;guk; Mthu;. rj;jpahf;fpufk; tlf;F> fpof;F KOtJk; tp];jupf;fg;gl;L mur ,ae;jpuk; ,uz;L khjq;fSf;F Nkyhf nraypoe;J ];jk;gpj epiyia mile;jpUe;j NghJ mg;Nghija gpujku; rpwpkhNth gz;lhuehaf;f NtW khw;W topfis ehlhJ jkJ gpwe;jjpdkhfpa 1961 Vg;uy; 17 Mk; jpfjp neUf;fb epiyikiag; gpufldk; nra;jpUe;jhu;. tlf;F> fpof;Ff;F MAjg; gilfs; mDg;gg;gl;ld. rhj;tPf kwpay; Nghuhl;lk; MAj Kidapy; mlf;f Kaw;rp vLf;fg;gl;lJ.

aho;. fr;Nrup Kd;ghf eilngw;Wf;nfhz;bUe;j kwpay; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; jiytu;fshf md;W ,uT rKfkhf ,Ue;jtu;fs; rptrpjk;guKk;> mkpu;jypq;fk; jk;gjpfs; kl;LNk. jkpo;f; fl;rpfspilNa gpsit cz;Lgz;Zk; Nehf;fpy; mkpu;jypq;fk; jk;gjpapdiuf; ifJ nra;j nghyp]hu; rptrpjk;guj;ijf; ifJ nra;atpy;iy. mjw;fhfr; nrhy;yg;gl;l fhuzk; rptrpjk;guj;ijf; ifJ nra;Ak; Miz ,Uf;ftpy;iy vd;gjhFk;. MapDk;> jiytu;fs; mg;Gwg;gLj;jg;gl;lJk;> kwpay; Nghuhl;lj;ijj; njhlu;e;j njhz;lu;fs; gyj;j jhf;FjYf;Fs;shfpaNghJ rptrpjk;guj;jpd; kPJk; kpfNkhrkhfj; jhf;Fjy; ele;jJ. mj; jhf;Fjypy; mtu; nfhy;yg;gl;L tpl;ljhfNt tje;jp gutpaJ. jkpouRj; njhz;lu;fshy; kPl;fg;gl;l rptrpjk;guk; xU rpy jpdq;fs; jiykiwthf itf;fg;gl;bUe;jhu;. ngupa Njhw;wk;nfhz;l mtUf;F khw;Wil ngWtNj tpy;yq;fkhf ,Ue;jJ. vdNt Culq;Fr; rl;lj;ijAk; nghUl;gLj;jhJ mtuJ tPl;bw;Fr; nrhd;wpUe;j gPw;wu; NrhkRe;juk; kh];lu;> mtuJ Jiztpahuplk; khw;Wil Nfl;lNghJ mjidf; nfhLg;gjw;F Kjypy; kWf;fg;gl;lJ. mtu; capNuhL ,Ug;gij ek;gKbahjtuhf mtu; Jiztpahu; ,Ue;jikNa mjw;fhd fhuzkhFk;. gpd;du; rptrpjk;guk; ifg;gl vOjpa fbj;ij Jiztpahu; fz;L cWjpg;gLj;jpa gpd;dNu khw;Wil nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ.

jkpouRj; jiytu;fs; ahtUk; ifJnra;ag;gl;L tpkhdk; %yk; nfhOk;Gf;Ff; nfhz;L nry;yg;gl;L gdhnfhil ,uhZt Kfhkpy; jLj;Jitf;fg;gl;bUe;jNghJk; ,Uk;G kdpjd; lhf;lu; <.vk;.tp. ehfehjd; kl;Lk; ghuhSkd;wk; nry;Yk; Nehf;fpy; jiykiwthfpapUe;jhu;. ,tUk; (rptrpjk;guk;> ehfehjd;) me;Neuj;jpy; Gifapuj Nrit jilg;gl;bUe;jjhy; Nkhl;lhu; tz;b %yk; nfhOk;Gf;Fg; gazk; nra;jdu;. ehfehjd; fpwp];jtg; ghjpupahfTk; rptrpjk;guk; njhopyhsp Nghd;Wk; Ntlkpl;Lf;nfhz;L ,k;Kaw;rpapy; ,wq;fpapUe;j nghOjpYk;$l mk;Kaw;rp ntw;wpngwtpy;iy. fhuzk; ehfehjdpd; kUkfdhd rp.I.b .nghyp]; mjpfhup ej;jhdpauplk; ,UtUk; ruzilaNtz;ba epiy Vw;gl;lJneUf;fb epiy fhyj;jpy; tlf;F> fpof;fpy; epfo;e;j nghyp]hu;> ,uhZtj;jpdupd; mj;JkPwy;fs; Nkw;gb fhyfl;lj;jpy; ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; mk;gyg;gLj;jpapUe;jtu;fspy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;ftu;fs; ,Utuhtu;. mtu;fspy; Njhou; vl;kz; rkuf;nfhb xUtu;. kw;iwatu; mkuu; K.rptrpjk;guk;. xU rpq;fstu; me;j ml;^opaq;fis ciug;gJ rhyr; rpwe;jJ vdf; fUjpa rptrpjk;guk; Njhou; vl;kz; rkunfhbf;F Ntz;ba jfty;fs;> juTfis nfhLj;J cjtpapUe;jhu;.

jkpo;j; jiytu;fs; jLg;Gf; fhtypy; ,Ue;j fhyk; KOtJk; tlf;F> fpof;F khfhzk; KOtJk; xt;nthU khjKk; mtu;fs; ifJnra;ag;gl;l jpdkhfpa 17 Mk; jpfjp ghlrhiy gfpH;fupg;G> filailg;G> Nghf;Ftuj;Jj; jil> njhopy; epWj;jk; Nghd;w vjpu;g;G eltbf;iffSld; $bajhf `u;j;jhy; mDH;bf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. md;iwajpdk; ru;tkj topghLfSk; eilngw;wd. ,tw;wpw;fhd jpl;lkpLk; $l;lq;fs; ntF ,ufrpakhfNt mkuu; rptrpjk;guk; jiyikapy; jkpouRj; njhz;lu;fshy; elj;jg;gl;L te;jd. fhuzk; neUf;fbepiyg; gpufldj;jpd;gb ehd;F NgUf;F mjpfkhff; $LtJ jilnra;ag;gl;L ,Ue;jjhFk;.

mt;thwhf ,Ue;Jk; Rz;Lf;Fopapy; mkuu; rptrpjk;guk; jiyikapy; $ba mj;jifa xU $l;lj;jpy; Rkhu; 70 Ngu;tiu xd;W$bapUe;j rkak; aho;g;ghz ePjpthd; muR Nthy;ld; jdpg;gl;l jkJ nrhe;j mYtypd; epkpj;jk; Neupy; mt;tPl;Lf;F te;Jnfhz;bUe;jhu;. rkNahrpjkhf epiyikiar; rkhspf;fNtz;bapUe;j muR Nthy;ld; gliy thrypNyNa tPl;Lr; nrhe;jf;fhuiur; re;jpj;Jtpl;Lr; nrd;wpUe;jhu;. jiytu;fs; kPjhd jLg;Gf; fhty; ePf;fg;gLk; tiu jkpouRj; njhz;lu;fspd; eltbf;iffs; mkuu; rptrpjk;guj;jpd; jiyikapNyNa eilngw;wpUe;jd.

1965 Mk; Mz;L nghJj; Nju;jypy; jkpouRf; fl;rpapd; Ntl;ghsuhfg; Nghl;bapLk; tha;g;G mtUf;Ff; nfhLf;fg;gl;bUe;jNghJk; mtuJ fl;rp tpRthrk; fhuzkhf mtu; mij epuhfupj;jpUe;jhu;. MfNt> Nju;jypy; jkpouR Ntl;ghsiu vjpu;j;Jg; Nghl;bapl;L ntw;wpngw;wpUe;j mtu; ghuhSkd;wj; Jizr; rghehafuhfTk; epakdk; ngw;whu;. 1970 nghJj; Nju;jypy; mJtiu mfpy ,yq;ifj; jkpo;f; fhq;fpu]; gpujpepjpfshf ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; ,lk;gpbj;jpUe;j jiytu; [P.[P.nghd;dk;gyk;> K.rptrpjk;guk;> j.rptrpjk;guk; %tuhYk; jkJ Mrdq;fisj; jf;fitj;Jf;nfhs;s Kbatpy;iy. Nju;jypy; Njhw;fbf;fg;gl;bUe;j mk; %tUf;Fk; gjpyhfg; Gjpatu;fs; K.mUsk;gyk;> tp.Mde;jrq;fup> jpahfuh[h MfpNahu; ,f; fl;rpapd; rhu;gpy; njupTnra;ag;gl;bUe;jdu;. fl;rpapd; jiytUk;> rptrpjk;guq;fs; ,UtUk; ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; ,y;yhj epiyapy; Gjpjhfj; njupthfpa %tu; kPJk; fl;rpapd; fl;Lg;ghLfs; xd;WNk nra;aKbatpy;iy. %tUk; MSk; Kf;$l;lzp murpd; Mjuthsu;fshf khwpapUe;jdu;.

,e;epiyapy; Gjpa murpay; mikg;Gr; rl;lj;ij tiuAk; gzpapy; muR <Lgl Muk;gpj;jJ. ty;ntl;bj;Jiwiar; Nru;e;j jkpo;g; ngupahu;fs; ,Utu; Qhd%u;j;jp mg;ghTk;> Ntw;gps;isAk; ,ize;J jkpo; murpay; fl;rpfis If;fpag;gLj;Jk; Kaw;rpapy; <Lgl;ldu;. mkuu; rptrpjk;guKk; mk;Kaw;rpapy; KOikahf jk;ik mu;g;gzpj;jpUe;jhu;. Rahl;rpf; fof etnuj;jpdKk;> mlq;fhj; jkpou; Nguhrpupau; Re;juypq;fKk; Muk;gfl;lj;jpy; ,e;jg; Ngr;Rthu;j;ijapy; fye;Jnfhz;lNghJk;> ,yq;ifj; jkpouRf; fl;rpf;Fk;> mfpy ,yq;ifj; jkpo;f; fhq;fpu]{f;Fk; ,ilNa cld;ghL Vw;gl;lJ. ,yq;ifj; njhopyhsu; fhq;fpu]{k;> mjd; jiytu; nrskpa %u;j;jp njhz;lkhd; jiyikapy; mjpy; ,ize;Jnfhs;s jkpou; If;fpa Kd;dzp vDk; Gjpa fl;rp je;ij nry;th jiyikapy; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ.

jkpou; If;fpa Kd;dzp tl;Lf;Nfhl;ilj; jPu;khdj;jpd; %yk; jkpou; If;fpaf; $l;lzpahf khw;wk;ngw;wJ. jkpou; If;fpa Kd;dzpapd; gz;zhfk; khehl;by; je;ij nry;th> [p.[p.nghd;dk;gyk; njhz;lkhd; %tUk; $l;Lj; jiytu;fshf ,Ue;jdu;. mkuu; K.rptrpjk;guk; nrayhsuhf ,Ue;jhu;. jiytu;fs; %tUk; xUtu; gpd; xUtuhf mkuj;Jtk; mile;jJk; rptrpjk;guk; xUtNu mjd; Vf jiytuhf Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lhu;. ,ilapy; 1977 nghJj; Nju;jiy xU ru;t[d thf;nfLg;ghf vjpu;nfhz;l jkpou; If;fpa tpLjiyf; $l;lzp jkpoPo Rahl;rpia tlf;F> fpof;F thf;fhsu;fsplk; xU Mizahff; NfhupapUe;jJ. Nfhug;gl;l me;j Mizia jkpo; kf;fs; mj;Nju;jypy; mgupkpjkhfNt nfhLj;J 18 cWg;gpdu;fisg; ghuhSkd;wk; mDg;gpapUe;jdu;.

kf;fs; Mizia epiwNtw;Wtjpy; Vw;gl;bUe;j gy jlq;fy;fs;> gpd;dilTfSf;Fg; gpd;du; Gjpa cj;Ntfj;Jld; KUNfR rptrpjk;guk; jiyikapy; jkpo; NgRk; kf;fspd; murpay; mgpyhiHfis Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;y Muk;gpj;jpUf;Fk; ,f; fhyfl;lj;jpy; jkpo;j; Njrpa ,dk; ,d;W jiytu; rptrpjk;guj;ij ,oe;J jj;jopf;fpd;wJ. mtuJ kiwT <Lnra;a Kbahj ngUk; ,og;Ng vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy. jkpou; If;fpa tpLjiyf; $l;lzpapd; ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdu;fs; midtUk; $l;lhf mtuJ ,Wjp tpUg;gj;ij epiwNtw;WtNj mtUf;Fr; nra;Ak; ifkhwhFk;.

rh.M.jUkuj;jpdk;

(NkNy)


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',dq;fspilNa frg;Gzu;itAk;> tpupriyAk; Nghf;f Kf;fpa gq;fspg;Gr; nra;j jiytu; rpth"

mikr;ru; ut+g; `f;fPk; mDjhgr; nra;jp

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me;j mDjhgr; nra;jpapy; muR NkYk; njuptpj;Js;sjhtJ:

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Fwpg;ghfj; jkpou;fshy; kl;Lkd;wp> nghJthf jkpo; NgRk; kf;fs; midtuhYk; epidT $ug;gLfpwhu;. Vnddpy; jkpou;fspy; kl;Lkd;wp K];ypk;fspdJk; epahakhd Nfhupf;iffis ntd;nwLg;gjpy; mtu; mjpf fuprid fhl;b te;jhu;. kiwe;j K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; jiytu; vk;.vr;.vk;.mH;ug;GlDk; md;dhiuj; njhlu;e;J jiyikj;Jtj;ijr; Rke;Js;s vd;DlDk;> kiwe;j jkpou; tpLjiyf; $l;lzpj; jiytu; neUf;fkhd cwT itj;jpUe;jhu;.

1994Mk; Mz;L nghJj; Nju;jYf;F Kd;du; fy;Kid re;jhq;Nfzp ikjhdj;jpy; eilngw;w }yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]pd; gd;dpnuz;lhtJ Njrpa khehl;by; czu;r;rp ky;f> fufuj;j Fuypy; rptrpjk;guk; mtu;fs; ciuahw;wpaNghJ tlf;fpypUe;J K];ypk;fs; ntspNaw;wg;gl;l epfo;Tf;fhf jhk; ntl;fpj;jiy FdptjhfTk;> K];ypk;fs; kPz;Lk; mq;F jpUk;gpr; nrd;W Ranfsutj;Jld; thOk; tiu jhk; aho;g;ghzf; Flhehl;bw;F nry;yg;Nghtjpy;iy vd;Wk; rgjkpl;L> ,d;Wtiu me;j rgjj;ij epiyehl;b te;jijAk; KO ,yq;if K];ypk;fSk; ed;wp czu;NthL epidT $Ufpwhu;fs;.

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,ay;ghd fk;gPukhd Fuy;tsk; kpf;f kiwe;j jiytu; jkJ me;jpk fhyj;jpy; RftPdKw;w epiyapy; rf;fu ehw;fhypapy; mku;e;jthNw jsu;tile;jtuhf ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; ciuahw;wpaNghJk; $l mjpy; cWjp njhdpj;jij mtjhdpj;Njhk;.

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md;dhu; vjpu;ghu;j;jpUe;j rkhjhdk; mz;kpj;Jf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,t;Ntisapy; mjw;fhf Fuy;nfhLj;J kiwe;j %j;j jiytiuAk;> Kd;du; mNj ,yl;rpaj;jpw;fhf cioj;J> capu; ePj;j Vida jpahfpfisAk; jkpou; guk;giu epidtpy; ,Uj;jp Kd;Ndw;wg;ghijapy; gazpg;gnjhd;Nw mtu;fsJ gzpf;F jkpopdk; nra;Ak; rpwe;j ifkhwhf mikAk;. md;dhupd; kiwT KO ehl;bw;Fk; Ngupog;ghFk;.

(NkNy)


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'miuEhw;whz;L fhyk; jkpou; cupikf;fhf fu;r;rpj;j Fuy; Xa;e;Jtpl;lJ"

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mfpy ,yq;ifj; jkpo;f; fhq;fpu]; nghJr; nrayhsu; ey;iyah FkuFUgud; ntspapl;Ls;s ,uq;fy; nra;jpapy; ,t;thW njuptpj;Js;shu;.

mr; nra;jpapy; mtu; NkYk; njuptpj;jpUg;gjhtJ:

cLg;gpl;bj; njhFjpapd; jkpo;f; fhq;fpu]; ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpduhfj; jpfo;e;j fhyk; mtu; GfNohr;rpa fhyk; MapDk; jkpo; kf;fspd; Nghuhl;lk; vJthapUe;jhnyd;d ,dj;jpd; Nguhy; xUikg;ghl;bid vLj;Jf; fhl;batu;. rj;jpahf;fpufq;fspYk;> Nghuhl;lq;fspYk;> Mu;g;ghl;lq;fspYk; fl;rp Ngjkpd;wpj; jkpopdj;jpd; ngauhy; xUikg;ghl;bw;F ,yf;fzkha;j; jpfo;e;jhu;.

1983 Mk; Mz;L ,df; fytuj;jpy; mtuJ nfhOk;G nehwp];fdhy; tPjp tPL cl;glr; nrhj;Jf;fs; jPf;fpiuahf;fg;gl;ld. ,og;Gf;fshy; rw;Nw jsu;Tw;whuhapDk;. vkJ jkpo;j; Njrpa ,dj;jpd; murpaypy; mtiug; Glk;Nghl;L vLj;j ngUik mkuu; [P.[P.nghd;dk;gyj;jpw;FupaJ. Fwpg;ghf mkuu; [p.[p. vd;Dk; jkpo;j; Njrpathjj;jpd; je;ij cUthf;fptpl;l ,U jkpo; murpaw; jiytu;fs; jkJ ,Wjpf; fhyk;tiu jkpopdj;jpw;Fj; jiyik jhq;fpatu;fspy; Kjyhktu; rh.N[.Nt. nry;tehafk; kw;wtu; KUNfR rptrpjk;guk; mtu;fs;.

rkfhyj; jiytu;fspilNa %j;jtu; <oj; jkpou; murpay; tuyhw;wpy; vkJ fle;j 25 Mz;Lfhy Nghuhl;l tuyhw;wpy; KOikAk; gq;Fnfhz;ltu; %jwpQu; rptrpjk;guk; vd;why; kpifahfhJ.

jkpopdj;jpd; murpaypy; mtUf;fpUe;j mth mtuJ nrhj;Jf;fisNa ,of;fitj;jJ vDk; tifapy; jkpopdk; ed;wpNahL Nehf;ff; flikg; gl;ltu;fs;. mjdhw;jhd; NghYk; ,Wjpahf md;W cg rghehafuha; mtu; jiyikjhq;fpa ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; jkpod; jdpj;Jtj;ij jdJ jdpj;Jtj;NjhL fu;r;rpj;Jj; jkpopdj;jpd; Njrpa uPjpahd ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpduha; jk; tho;tpid mikjpahfj; jPu;j;J mkuj;Jtkhdhu;.

(NkNy)


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,yq;ifg; ghuhSkd;w tuyhw;wpy; nfsutj;ij ,of;fhj cj;jkd; rptrpjk;guk;

mDjhgr; nra;jpapy; uh[gf;H

murpay; thdpy; Rlu;tpl;Lg; gpufhrpj;j N[hjp ,d;W mize;Jtpl;lJ. rptrpjk;guj;jpd; kiwT vd;id mjpu;r;rpf;Fs;shf;fptpl;lJ vd;W vjpu;f; fl;rpj; jiytu; kfpe;j uh[gf;H kiwe;j jiytu; vk;.rptrpjk;guj;jpd; kiwitnahl;btpLj;Js;s mDjhgr; nra;jpapy; njuptpj;Js;shu;.

mr;nra;jpapy; mtu; NkYk; njuptpj;jpUg;gjhtJ:

ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdu; vdJ je;ij b.V.uh[gf;H fhyj;jpYk;> vdJ fhyj;jpYk; ,e;jg; ghuhSkd;wj;jpypUe;J 42 tUl fhykhfr; Nrit nra;JtUk; Kjpu;r;rpAk;> mDgtKkpf;f kdpju; mtu;. mtuJ ,og;ig vtuhYk; xUNghJk; <Lnra;aKbahJ.

jdJ ghuhSkd;wr; rupj;jpuj;jpy; nfsutj;ij ,of;fhj mtu; midtuJ cs;sj;ijAk; ntd;nwLj;j cj;jkd;. ghuhSkd;w tpthjq;fspd;NghJ epjhdkhf> Gj;jprhJu;aj;Jld; tpthjpf;Fk; jpwik mtuJ jdpj; jpwikahfNt mike;jpUe;jJ. mtuJ ,og;gpd; ntWikahd ,ilntsp vf;fhyj;jhYk; vtuhYk; epug;g KbahjjhFk;.

td;dpf; fpis fhq;fpu]; jiytu;

Kjpu;r;rp ngw;w mDgtk; epiwe;j xU murpay;thjpapid jkpo; ,dk; ,oe;Jtpl;lJ. ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; mkuu; rpth ciuahw;Wk;NghJ Vida cWg;gpdu;fs; ve;jtpj myl;rpaKkpd;wp mtuJ ciuapidr; nrtpkLg;gJ mtuJ MSikapid ntspg;gLj;Jk;. ,t;thW td;dpf; fpisapd; mfpy ,yq;ifj; jkpo;f; fhq;fpu]; jiytu; Nf.nre;jpy;ehjd; jkpou; tpLjiyf; $l;lzpapd; jiytu; KUNfR rptrpjk;guj;jpd; kiwT Fwpj;J tpLj;Js;s mDjhgr; nra;jpapy; njuptpj;Js;shu;.

1960 fspy; murpaypy; GFe;j ,tu; xU rpwe;j rl;lj;juzpahfj; jpfo;e;jtu;. Muk;gj;jpy; jkpo; kf;fSila gy Nghuhl;lq;fspy; gq;Fnfhz;ltu;. jdJ ,Wjpf;fhyk; tiu jkpo; ,dj;jpw;F xU epue;jukhd tpbT Vw;glNtz;Lk; vd Mty; nfhz;bUe;jhu;. jkpo; kf;fSila tuyhw;wpy; jkpo;j; jiytu;fs; Kf;fpa fhyfl;lq;fspy; vq;fis tpl;Lg; gpupe;Js;sdu;. ,g;NghJ xU Kf;fpakhd fhyfl;lk;. me;j Neuj;jpy; 'rpth Iah" vq;fis tpl;Lg; gpupe;Js;shu;.

,yq;ifj; njhopyhsu; fhq;fpu];

KJngUk; murpay;thjp KUNfR rptrpjk;guk; kiyafj; Njhl;lj; njhopyhsu;fspd; epahakhd Nghuhl;lq;fSf;Fg; gf;fgykhf ,Ue;jtu;. rkhjhdk; fdpe;JtUk; ,e;j ey;y #oypy; mtiug; Nghd;w xU rkhjhd GUHiu ,e;ehL ,oe;Js;sik ehl;L kf;fspd; Ju;g;ghf;fpaNk vd;W jkpou; tpLjiyf; $l;lzpj; jiytu; K.rptrpjk;guj;jpd; kiwT Fwpj;J> ,yq;ifj; njhopyhsu; fhq;fpu]pd; gpujpj; jiytUk;> nghJ trjpfs; rigj; jiytUkhd vk;.v];.nry;yr;rhkp tpLj;Js;s ,uq;fw; nra;jpapy; njuptpj;Js;shu;.

mr;nra;jpapy; mtu; NkYk; njuptpj;jpUg;gjhtJ:

tpLjiyg; Gypfspd; jiytuhd gpughfuDf;Fj; njhz;ldhf ,Ue;J gzpahw;w tpUk;GfpNwd;. rkhjhdj;jpd; Nguhy; ,t;thW gzpnra;tjpy; epiwTld; cs;Nsd; vd;W mz;ikf; fhyj;jpy; mwpf;iftpl;L xU gz;gl;l murpay; jiyikj;Jtj;ij ntspg;gLj;jpa mtu; mfpy ,yq;ifj; jkpo;f; fhq;fpu]; %yk; murpay; gpuNtrk; nra;J ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpduhf> gpujp rghehafuhf> jkpou; tpLjiyf; $l;lzpapd; jiytuhfg; gjtp tfpj;J jkpo; r%fj;Jf;Fg; gy gzpfisr; nra;jpUe;jhu;.

Kjpu;r;rp kpf;f murpay; Qhdk; gilj;j mtu; ,yq;ifj; njhopyhsu; fhq;fpu]{lDk;> kiwe;j jiytu; njhz;lkhDlDk; neUq;fpg; gofpr; nraw;gl;l epidTfs; mjd; Kd;dhs; nrayhsu; vd;w tifapy; ,d;Dk; gRikahf cs;sd.

mfpy ,yq;if If;fpa njhopyhsu; fhq;fpu];

,dg;gpur;rpid njhlu;ghf eilngw;w ePz;lfhy Aj;jk; KbTf;F te;J> ,dg;gpur; rpidf;Fj; jPu;T fhzg;gLtjw;F Kaw;rpfs; Nkw;nfhssg;gLk; ,t;Ntisapy; KJngUk; murpay;thjpahd K.rptrpjk;guj;jpd; kiwT jkpou;fSf;Fk;> ehl;bw;Fk; Vw;gl;l Ngupog;ghFk; vd;W mfpy ,yq;if If;fpa njhopyhsu; fhq;fpu]; jiytu; b.ma;ahj;Jiu tpLj;Js;s mDjhgr; nra;jpapy; njuptpj;Js;shu;.

NkYk; jdJ mDjhgr; nra;jpapy; 1983 Mk; Mz;L ehl;by; ,lk;ngw;w Mbf; fytuj;jpd; NghJ ehl;by; jkpo; kf;fs; mDgtpj;j Jd;gk;> Jauk; epiwe;j Neuj;jpy; gyKiw mtNuhL ,J gw;wpf; fye;JiuahLk; re;ju;g;gk; fpilj;jJ. me;j Neuj;jpy; mtUila czu;T vj;jifajhf ,Ue;jJ vd;gijg; Gupe;Jnfhs;sf; $bajhf ,Ue;jJ. mJ khj;jpuky;y jkpou;fs; kj;jpapy; xU xUikg;ghl;il Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lnkd;w Nahridia Kd;itj;jhu;.

(NkNy)


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fUzhepjp> itNfh rpth kiwTf;F mQ;ryp

jkpou; tpLjiyf; $ýl;lzpapd; KJngUk; jiytu; K.rptrpjk;guj;jpd; kiwtpw;F jp.K.f. jiytu; K.fUzhepjpAk; k.jp.K.f. nghJr;nrayhsu; itNfhTk; ,uq;fy; njuptpj;Js;sdu;.

<oj;jkpou;fspd; tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; mkuu; rptrpjk;guj;jpd; gq;F msg;gupaJ. jw;Nghija epiyapy; mtuJ ,og;G jkpo; kf;fspw;F Ngupog;ghFk; vd fiyQu; fUzhepjp jdJ mDjhgr; nra;jpapy; njuptpj;Js;shu;.

itNfh tpLj;j ,uq;fy; nra;jpapy;> jkpou; tpLjiyf; $ýl;lzpapd; KJngUk; jiytu; rptrpjk;guk; kuzk; mile;jhu; vd;w nra;jpawpe;J tUe;Jfpd;Nwd;. ,e;j Mz;býd; ,Wjpf;Fs;Ns ,dg;gpur;rpidf;F jPu;T fhzg;glNtz;Lk; vd;gNj mtuJ ,Wjp tpUg;gkhFk;.

mtuJ kiwtpdhy; JaUUk; FLk;gj;jpdUf;Fk; jkpo; kf;fspw;Fk; Mo;e;j ,uq;fiy njuptpj;Jf; nfhs;tjhTk; itNfh njuptpj;Js;shu;.

(NkNy)


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rkhjhdj;Jf;fhf ,Wjp %ýr;Rtiu Fuy; vOg;gpatu; rptrpjk;guk;

MSeu; mytp nksyhdh mDjhgk;

jkpou; tpLjiyf; $ýl;lzpj; jiytu; K.rptrpjk;guj;jpd; kiwT jkpo;> K];ypk; kf;fSf;Fg; Ngupog;ghFk; vd Nky;khfhz MSeu; mytp nksyhdh njuptpj;Js;shu;.

rpwe;j xU rl;lj;juzpahd rptrpjk;guk; mj;njhopy;%ýyk; rk;ghjpf;fhky;> murpaypy; jd; tho;f;ifia ,l;Lr; nrd;whu;. jkpo;> K];ypk; kf;fSf;fhfg; ghuhSkd;wj;jpYk; ntspapYk; Fuy; vOg;gpatu;.

ehl;býd; ,dg;gpur;rpid jPu;f;fg;gl;L rfy ,dkf;fSk; rkhjhdkhf thoNtz;Lk; vd ,Wjp %ýr;Rtiu Fuy; vOg;gpatu;. NehAw;w NghjpYk; ghuhSkd;wj;jpw;F te;J Fuy; vOg;gpatu;. mtuJ Mj;kh rhe;jpailaNtz;Lk; vdTk; MSeu; jdJ ,uq;fy; nra;jpapy; njuptpj;Js;shu;.

gj;kehjd;

,dg;gpur;rpidf;Fj; jPu;T fhZk; Kaw;rpfs; eilngw;Wf;nfhz;býUf;Fk; ,j;jUzj;jpy; vk;iktpl;L rptrpjk;guk; gpupe;jJ jkpo; ,dj;Jf;F xU Ngupog;ghFk;.

,t;thW jkpou; tpLjiyf; $ýl;lzpapd; rhu;gpy; nfhOk;G khtl;lj;jpy; fle;j nghJj;Nju;jypy; Nghl;býapl;l Kjd;ikNtl;ghsu; vk;.gj;kehjd; ntspapl;Ls;s ,uq;fy; nra;jpapy; njuptpj;Js;shu;.

murpaypy; kl;Lky;y> rl;lj;JiwapYk; Gfo;ngw;Wj; jpfo;e;jtu;. mtuJ gz;G> Neu;ik> JzpT ,tw;iwf;fz;l murjug;G> vjpu;f;fl;rpg; ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdu;fs; mtiu cgrghehafuhf Vfkdjhf xUKiw njupT nra;jijAk; vtUNk kwf;fKbýahJ.

gaq;futhj jilr;rl;lj;jpd; fPo; jkpo; ,isQu;fs; ifjhfpj; jLj;Jitf;fg;gl;l tof;Ffspy; M[uhfp thjpl;L gyiutpLtpj;jtu; rpth.

1960 Mk; Mz;L cLg;gpl;býj; njhFjpapy; ,Ue;J Kjd;Kjyhfg; ghuhSkd;wj;Jf;Fj; njupthfpr; nrd;W mq;F ciuahw;wpa NghJ mtuJ Fuiyf;Nfl;l rpq;fsj; jiytu;fs; ,J xU rpq;fk; vd;W $ýwpg; ghuhl;býdhu;fs;.

mjpy; ,Ue;J ,d;Wtiu cLg;gpl;býr; rpq;fk; vd;W rfyUk; $ýwpdhu;fs;. jkpou;fSf;fhff; fu;r;rpj;j rpq;fk; ,d;W vk;ik Mwhj;Jauj;jpy; Mo;j;jptpl;L nrd;Wtpl;lJ vdTk; gj;kehjd; jdJ ,uq;fy; nra;jpapy; njuptpj;Js;shu;.

(NkNy)


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kzitj;jk;gp mDjhgk;

%ýj;j murpay; jiytUk; murpay; NkijAk;> rpwe;j ghuhSkd;w thjpahfTk; jpfo;e;j mUikg; ngupatu; mz;zd; rptrpjk;guj;jpd; kiwT <L nra;aKbýahj Ngupog;G" vd;W ,yq;if jpuhtpl Kd;Ndw;wf; fof Kd;dhs; nghJr; nrayhsu; V.v];. kzitj;jk;gp tpLj;Js;s mDjhgr; nra;jpapy; njuptpj;Js;shu;.

mjpy; NkYk; njuptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sjhtJ:

<oj; jkpou;fSf;fhf 1983 Kjy; nrd;idapy; eilngw;w gy Nghuhl;lq;fs;> cz;zhtpujq;fspy; vk;NkhL fye;J nfhz;L vkf;F Cf;fkspj;jtu; rpth.

,tUila ,og;ghy; JaUWk; fl;rpj; jiytu;fSf;Fk; mtuJ FLk;gj;jpdUf;Fk; vdJ Mo;e;j mDjhgq;fisj; njuptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpNwd; vd;Wk; kzitj;jk;gp njup tpj;jpUf;fpwhu;.

(NkNy)


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,dneUf;fbýf;F jPu;T fhz;gNj rpthTf;F nrYj;Jk; kpfg;ngupa mQ;ryp

RNuH; gpNukr;re;jpud;

Njrpa ,dg;gpur;rpidf;F jPu;nthd;iwf; fhz;gjw;F Mf;fg+u;tkhd Kd; Kaw;rpfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L tUk; ,r;#ýo;epiyapy; jkpo; kf;fspd; murpay; mgpyhiHfis cWjpahfTk; njspthfTk; ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; Kd;itf;ff; $ýbýa %ýj;j murpay; jiytu; K.rptrpjk;guk; mtu;fspd; kiwT jkpo; kf;fSf;F Jujpu;H;lkhdnjhU epfo;thFk; vd <okf;fs; Gul;rpfu tpLjiy Kd;ddpapd; nrayhsu; ehafk; RNuH; gpNukr;re;jpud; tpLj;Js;s mDjhgr; nra;jpapy; njuptpj;Js;shu;.

mjpy; NkYk; njuptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sjhtJ:

jkpo; kf;fSf;Fk; jkpo; murpay; fsj;jpYk; %ýd;W jrhg;jq;fSf;F Nkyhfr; Nritahw;wpa K.rptrpjk;guk; mtu;fs; Muk;gj;jpy; mkuu; [P.[P.nghd;dk;gyj;jpd; jiyikj;Jtj;jpd; fPOk; gpd;du; jkpou; tpLjiyf; $ýl;lzpapd; jiyikj;Jtj;jpd; fPOk; nraw;gl;lhu;. kpf ePz;l fhykhf $ýl;lzpapd; jiytuhfTk; ,Ue;jhu;. jkpo; kf;fs; gpupe;J epw;fhky; Xu; mzpapy; jpus Ntz;býa md;iwa fhyj;jpd; Njitia mwpe;J je;ij nry;th mkuu; [P.[P.nghd;dk;gyk; mkuu; njhz;lkhd; MfpNahu; jkpou; $ýl;ldpia cUthf;fpa NghJ mjw;F cWJidahf ,Ue;jtu;fspy; mkuu; K.rptrpjk;guKk; xUtuhthu;.

mNjNghy;> jkpo; fl;rpfspd; $ýl;likg;G xd;W Kf;fpakhdJ vd;gijAk;> jkpo; fl;rpfs; xNu Fuypy; Ngr Ntz;Lk; vd;gijAk; nrd;idapy; mtUld; elj;jpa gyre;jpg;Gf;fspd; NghJ mtu; vd;dplk; typAWj;jpapUe;jhu;. mtupd; tpUg;gk; NghyNt ,Jtiu fhyKk; gpupe;jpUe;j jkpo; mikg;Gfs; xd;whfp jkpoPo tpLjiy GypfSld; ,ize;J Xu; jPu;it Nehf;fp Kd;Ndwpf; nfhz;býUf;Fk; #ýoypy; rptrpjk;guk; mtu;fspd; kiwT jkpo; kpjthj murpaypy; Xu; ntw;wplj;ijj; Njhw;Wtpj;Js;sJ.

mtuJ Mq;fpy> jkpo; GyikAk; Ngr;rhw;wYk; rpk;kf;Fuypy; tplaq;fis njspthf Kd; itf;Fk; jpwikAk; mtuJ jdpf;Fzhk;rq;fshFk;. ntWk; ghuhSkd;w tpthjq; fspDhlhf jkpo;Njrpa ,dg;gpur;rpidia jPu;j;J tplKbýahJ vd;gijAk;> ,uhZt mOj;jq;fNs murhq;fj;ij rpe;jpf;fj;Jhz;Lk; vd;gijAk; Vw;Wf;nfhz;L mt;thwhd mOj;jj;ij tpLjiyg;GypfNs nfhLf;f KbýAk; vd;gijAk; cWjpahf Vw;Wf;nfhz;ltu;.

gpupthy; JaUk; md;dhupd; FLk;gj;jhUf;Fk; mtu; jiytuhf ,Ue;j jkpou; tpLjiyf; $ýl;lzpf;Fk; vd; rhu;gpYk; <o kf;fs; Gul;rpfu tpLjiy Kd;dzp rhu;gpYk; jkpo; kf;fs; rhu;gpYk; vkJ Mo;e;j ,uq;fiyAk; mQ;rypiaAk; njuptpj;Jf; nfhs;tJld;> jkpo; Njrpa $ýl;likg;G cWjpahfTk; ,Wf;fkhfTk; jk;ik khw;wpf;nfhz;L jkpoPo tpLjiyg; GypfSld; ,ize;J jkpo; Njrpa ,dg;gpur;rpidf;F jPu;T fhz;gNj md;dhUf;F ehk; nrYj;Jk; kpfg;ngupa mQ;rypahFk;.

(NkNy)


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'jkpo; kf;fSf;F Ngupog;G"

',yq;if murpay; tuyhw;wpy; njhlu;r;rpahf 50 Mz;Lfs; jkpo; kf;fspd; Kd;Ndw; wj;Jf;fhfg; ghLgl;l jkpou; tpLjiyf; $l;lzpapd; jiytUk;> KJngUk; murpay; thjpAkhd rptrpjk;guj;jpd; kiwT jkpo; kf;fSf;F <Lnra;a Kbahj Ngupog;ghFk;" vd;W tptrhaj; Njhl;lj; njhopyhsu; fhq;fpu]; jiytu; Mu;.vk;.fpUH;zrhkp tpLj;Js;s mDjhgr; nra;jpapy; njuptpj;Js;shu;.

mtu; jdJ mDjhgr; nra;jpapy; NkYk; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sjhtJ:

'vk; ehl;bd; murpay; tuyhw;wpy; gy Mz;Lfshf njhlu;r;rpahf jkpo; kf;fspd; Kd;Ndw;wj;Jf;fhfg; ghLgl;lJld;> jkpo;r; r%fk; rfy cupikfisAk; ngw;W jiyepkpu;e;j r%fkhf thoNtz;Lnkd;w mthnfhz;bUe;jtu; rptrpjk;guk;. mtupd; kiwT <Lnra;a Kbahj Ngupog;ghFk;".

(NkNy)


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'neUf;fbýahd fhyfl;lj;jpy; rpthtpd; kiwT jkpopdj;Jf;Fg; Ngupog;G"

jkpou; tpLjiyf; $ýl;likg;gpd; jiytu; KUNfR rptrpjk;guk; mtu;fspd; kiwT ,d;iwa neUf;fbýahd fhyfl;lj;jpy; jkpopdj;Jf;F Vw;gl;l Ngupog;ghFk; vdj; jkpoPo tpLjiy mzpapd; nghJr; nrayhsu; kh.f.<oNte;jd; tpLj;Js;s mDjhgr; nra;jpapy; njuptpj;Js;shu;.

fsj;jpy; tpLjiyg; Gypfs; NghuhLfpd;wdu;. ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; ,dj;jpd; rhu;ghff; Fuy; vOg;g Neu;ikAk;> nghWg;Gzu;r;rpAk;> Kjpu;r;rpAk; ngw;w jiytu;fs; Njit.

cly; jsu;e;J> 79 MtJ mfit mile;j epiyapYk; cs;s cWjpAld; <oj; jkpou;fSf;fhf ,Wjptiu ghuhSkd;wj;jpYk; Vida nghJf;$ýl;lq;fspYk; jdf;Nf cupj;jhd fk;gPuf;Fuy; vOg;gpa jiytu; rpth.

<oj;jkpo; ,dj;jpd; KO ek;gpf;iff;Fupa Nguhsu;fs; Vfg;gpujpepjpfs; tpLjiyg;Gypfs; jhd; vd;gijr; rptrpjk;guk; vJtpj jaf;fKk; ,d;wp vLj;Jiuj;jtu;. ,g;gbý ,tu; njspthd fUj;Jf;fis njuptpj;jijj; jkpo; Clfq;fs; tho;j;jpd. Mdhy;> mNjNtis> rpq;fs Clfq;fs; mtu; kPJ rPwpg;gha;e;jd.

tho;j;JjiyAk;> Jhw;WjiyAk; xNuepiyapy; itj;J jdf;F cupa Gd;KWty; g+j;j epiyapy; tpLjiyg; Gypfs; ,l;l fl;lisia jk;khy; ,ad;w msT epiwNtw;w Kad;w xU ngUk; jiytu;. khw;whUk; kjpj;Jg; Nghw;Wk; jiytu; rptrpjk;guk; vd;gij midtUk; Vw;gu;.

mz;ikapy; mtiu ehd; mbýf;fbý re;jpj;Jg; NgRk;NghJ cs;sj;Jha;ikAlDk; JzpTlDk;> njspTlDk; Ngrpdhu;. ,d;iwa jkpof muRk;> ,e;jpa kj;jpa muRk; Nkw;nfhs;Sk; mDFKiwfis Jau;Njha;e;j epiyapy; mtu; $ýwpa fUj;Jf;fs; vd; neQ;rpy; Mog;gjpe;Js;sd.

Nru;.nghd;dk;gyk; ,uhkehjd; gw;wp ehd; vOjpa Ehy; ntspaPl;Lf;F mtu; mspj;Js;s mzpe;Jiu mtuJ murpay; njspTf;Fk; vd;kPJ mtUf;F ,Ue;j ghrj;Jf;Fk; rhd;W gfUk;.

1979 ,y; ehd; gaq;futhj jilr;rl;lj;jpd; fPo; jLj;J itf;fg;gl;býUe;jNghJ vd; kPjhd tof;fpy; M[uhfp rl;lEZf;fq;fis vLj;J thjpl;L vd;id kPl;lij ,d;Wk; vd;dhy; kwf;f KbýahJ vdTk; me;j ,uq;fy; nra;jpapy; <oNte;jd; njuptpj;Js;shu;.

(NkNy)


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'murpaypy; tul;Lf; nfsutj;Jf;F ,lkspf;fhky; ajhu;j;jkhf nrayhw;wpatu;"

mikr;ru; re;jpuNrfud; rpthTf;F mQ;ryp

<oj; jkpou;fspd; Nrhf tuyhw;wpy; jlk; gjpj;J vQ;rpapUf;Fk; %j;j jiytu;fspy; xUtuhd K.rptrpjk;guk; mkuuhfpAs;shu;. mkuu; rptrpjk;guk; mtu;fspd; tuyhW tl fpof;F jkpo; kf;fspd; murpay; tuyhNwhL gpz;zpg; gpize;jJ.

jkpo; kf;fSf;F murpay; tpopg;Gzu;it Vw;gLj;jpajpYk;> jkpo; ,isQu;fisj; jl;b vOg;gpajpYk; md;dhupd; gzp msg;gupaJ. jkpou; tpLjiyf; $l;lzpapdupd; murpay; epiyg;ghl;bid cyf muq;fj;jpw;F vLj;Jr; nry;tjpy; Vida jkpo;j; jiytu;fSf;F epfuhf ngUk; gq;F Mw;wpatu; vd;w ngUikia ,tu; ngWfpd;whu;.

jdJ ,Wjpf; fhyj;jpy; jkpo; kf;fspd; murpay; gpur;rpidfSf;fhd jPu;it njhiyNehf;Fg; ghu;itNahL rpe;jpj;J> murpaypy; tul;L nfsutj;jpw;F ,lkspf;fhky; ajhu;j;jkhf nray;gl;bUf;fpd;whu;.

,t;thW kiyaf kf;fs; Kd;dzpapd; jiytUk; mikr;rUkhd gp.re;jpuNrfud; tpLj;Js;s mDjhgr; nra;jpapy; njuptpj;Js;shu;.

murpaypy; epfuw;w Nguk; NgRk; rf;jpahf tsu;e;jpUf;fpd;w jkpoPo tpLjiyg; GypfNshL fuk; Nfhu;g;gJ jhd; ,d;iwa murpay; Njitnad czu;e;J Neu;ikNahLk;> njspNthLk; nraw;gl;bUf;fpd;whu;. tl fpof;F jkpo; kf;fspd; murpay; jPu;T NtfnkLj;jpUf;fpd;w ,f;fhyfl;lj;jpy; md;dhupd; kiwT Ngupog;ghFk;. ,tupd; kiwtpdhy; ve;j ,ilntspAk; Vw;gLj;jp tplhky; nraw;glNtz;baJ jkpou; tpLjiyf; $l;lzpapd; Vida jiytu;fspd; nghWg;ghf MfpAs;sJ. md;dhupd; kiwtpdhy; JaUUk; fl;rpf;Fk; cwtpdu;fSf;Fk;> KOj; jkpo; ,dj;Jf;Fk; kiyaf kf;fs; Kd;dzp jdJ Mo;e;j mDjhgj;ij njuptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;wJ.

(NkNy)


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jkpo; kf;fspd; tpbýTf;fhf mauhJ cioj;jtu; mkuu; rpth

1950 fspy; jdJ murpaypy; gpuNtrj;ij Muk;gpj;j rptrpjk;guk; jdJ ,Wjp %ýr;Rs;stiu jkpo; kf;fspd; tpbýTf;fhf mauhJ ghLgl;ltu; vd <.gp.Mu;.vy;.vg; mikg;G ntspapl;Ls;s ,uq;fs; nra;jpapy; njuptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

1960 fspd; Kw;gFjpfspy; eilngw;w rj;jpahf;fpuf ,af;fj;jpy; mfpy ,yq;if jkpo; fhq;fpu]py; mq;fj;Jtk; tfpj;j mtu; jkpouR fl;rpAld; ,ize;J gq;Fgw;wpdhu;. mtu; 1960 fspy; ,yq;ifg; ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; cg rghehafuhfTk; ,Ue;jpUf;fpwhu;.

1970 fspy; ,dKuz;ghL jPtpukile;j NghJ tlf;F fpof;fpy; jdJ fdy;ff;Fk; Ngr;Rf;fshy; kf;fis Mfu;Hpj;jtu;. jkpou; tpLjiyf; $ýl;lzpapd; Kf;fpa jiytu;fspy; xUtuhf cau;e;jhu;1977 ,y; eilngw;w nghJj;Nju;jypy; mtu; mjpfg;gbýahf fzprkhd thf;Ffisg; ngw;W ey;Yhu; njhFjpapy; kfj;jhd ntw;wpaPl;býdhu;. mtu; ePz;l fhyk; cLg;gpl;bý njhFjp gh.c MfNt ,Ue;jhu;.

rl;lg;Gyik kpf;f mtu; ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; jkpo; kf;fspd; gpur;rpidfs; njhlu;ghf Mokhd ciufis Mw;wpAs;shu;. 1980fspy; gaq;futhjj; jilr;rl;lj;jpd; fPo; rpiw itf;fg;gl;býUe;j ,isQu;fSf;fhf thjhbýdhu;.

xU %ýj;j jkpo; murpay; jiytu; xUtupd; ,Wjpahd kuzk; ,J vd;W vz;Dk; NghJ tuyhw;Wj; Januhd;W Vw;glNt nra;fpwJ. kw;watu;fs; mLj;jj; jiyKiwiar; Nru;e;jtu;fs;.

mtUila epiyg;ghLfs; fUj;Jf;fspy; vkf;F jPtpu NtWghLfs; ,Ug;gpDk; mtu; rkfhyj;jpd; Kf;fpakhd jiytu; vd;gij kWg;gjw;fpy;iy. md;dhupd; FLk;gj;jpdUf;Fk;> j.tp.$ý tpw;Fk; vkJ Mo;e;j ,uq;fiyj; njuptpj;Jf;nfhs;fpNwhk;.

(NkNy)


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QhapW tTdpahtpy; Jf;fjpdk;

jkpo;f;fl;rp $ýl;likg;gpd; ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdUk;> gok;ngUk; murpay;thjpAkhd KUNfR rptrpjk;guj;jpd; ,Wjpf; fpupia eilngWk; jpdkhd vjpu;tUk; Qhapw;Wf;fpoik tTdpahtpy; Jf;fjpdk; mDH;býf;fg;gLk; vdj; jkpou; tpLjiyf; $ýl;lzp tTdpahf; fhupahyak; njuptpj;Js;sJ.

jkpo;f; $ýl;likg;gpy; mq;fk; tfpf;Fk; jkpou; tpLjiyf; $ýl;lzp> jkpoPo tpLjiy ,af;fk; (nuNyh)> mfpy ,yq;ifj; jkpo; fhq;fpu];> <okf;fs; Gul;rpfu tpLjiy Kd;dzp (<.gp.Mu;.vy;.vt;. -RNu]; mzp) Kf;fpa];ju;fs;> New;W khiy $ýl;lzpapd; tTdpahf; fhupahyaj;jpy; $ýbý vLj;j KbýTfspd; gbý ,Wjpf;fpupia eilngWk; jpdkhd Qhapw;Wf;fpoik> tTdpahtpy; midj;J tu;j;jf epiyaq;fSk; %ýlg;gl;Lf; fWg;Gf; nfhbýfs; tu;j;jf epiyaq;fspYk;> tPLfspYk; gwf;ftpLtnjdTk; Mlk;gu epfo;r;rpfis epWj;JtnjdTk; KbýntLj;Js;sdu;.

mj;Jld;> mDjhgg; gjhijfis efupd; Kf;fpa ,lq;fspy; njhq;f tpLtnjdTk; jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;ljhff; $ýl;lzpapd; tTdpah fpisr; nrayhsu; v];.%ýu;j;jp njuptpj;jhu;. ,NjNtis> kd;dhu; tPjp FUkd;fhl;Lr; re;jpapy; cs;s $ýl;lzpf; fhupahyaj;jpy; fWg;Gf; nfhbý gwf;ftplg;gl;Ls;sJ. mj;Jld;> $ýl;lzpg; gpuKfuhd r.FyNjtuhrhTk; jdJ mYtyfj;jpy; fWg;Gf; nfhbýiag; gwf;ftpl;Ls;shu;.

(NkNy)


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nry;tk; mDjhgk;

jkpou; tpLjiyf; $ýl;lzpapd; jiytu; K.rptrpjk;guj;jpd; kiwT jkpo;r; r%ýfj;Jf;Nf Ngupog;G vd td;dp khtl;lg; ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdUk;> nuNyh jiytUkhd nry;tk; milf;fyehjd; ntspapl;Ls;s mDjhgr; nra;jpapy; njuptpj;Js;shu;.

jkpo; ,dk; jdJ ,d;dy;fSf;Fj; jPu;it vjpu;ghu;j;jpUf;Fk; ,d;iwa jPu;f;fkhd fhyfl;lj;jpy; mtupd; ,og;G mjpu;r;rp jUtjhf cs;sJ. ghuhSkd;wj;jpNy $ýl;likg;G cWg;gpdu;fis topelhj;jpr; nry;Yk; ty;yik kpf;ftuhf tpsq;fpa mtupd; ,og;G cz;ikapNyNa ftiyaspf;fpd;wJ.

'cLg;gpl;býr; rpq;fk;" vd;w ngUikAld; mtu; fk;gPukhf tyk; te;j ehl;fs;> je;ij nry;thTld; ,ize;J jkpou; tpLjiyf; $ýl;lzpiaj; Njhw;Wtpj;J If;fpaj;Jf;F mtu; toq;fpa gq;fspg;G> jkpo;j; Njrpa tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;ij ru;tNjr kag;gLj;Jtjpy; mtu; vLj;Jf;nfhz;l fuprid> jq;fj;Jiu> Fl;býkzp> n[fd; cl;gl vkJ jiytu;fs; kw;Wk; ,isQu;fspd; tpLjiyf;fhf ePjpkd;wpy; mtu; Nkw;nfhz;l Nghuhl;lq;fs; vk; fz;Kd;Nd epoyhLfpd;wd.

ehbý jsu;e;j epiyapYk; mtu; Mw;wpa ciufs;> toq;fpa MNyhridfs; vd;git vkf;Fg; gbýg;gpidahf mike;jit. ,e;j Ntisapy;> md;dhupd; gpupthy; JaUWk; mtupd; FLk;gj;jpdUf;F vdJ rhu;gpYk; vdJ fl;rpapd; rhu;gpYk; Mo;e;j mEjhgj;ijj; njuptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpNwd; vd mt;twpf;ifapy; NkYk; njuptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

(NkNy)


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kNf];tud; mQ;ryp

,yq;if murpaypy; jiyrpwe;J tpsq;fpa %ýj;j murpay;thjpfspy; xUtUk; jkpopdj;jpd; murpay; tuyhw;wpy; gy;NtW cupikg; Nghuhl;lq;fis Kd;dpd;W elj;jpatUkhd K.rptrpjk;guk; mtu;fspd; kiwT jkpopdj;jpw;F <Lnra;a Kbýahj Ngupog;ghFk; vd;W ,e;J rka tptfhu mYty;fs; mikr;ru; jp.kNf];tud; tpLj;Js;s mDjhgr; nra;jpapy; njuptpj;Js;shu;.

jdJ nra;jpapy; mtu; NkYk; njuptpj;jpUg;gjhtJ:

jkpou;fSf;F xU jhafk; cUthf Ntz;Lk; vd;W je;ij nry;thtpd; jiyikapyhd jkpou; tpLjiyf; $ýl;lzpapd; %ýyk; mfpk;ir topapyhd gy Nghuhl;lq;fspy; fye;Jnfhz;l ,tu;> jkJ tho;f;ifapy; gy ,og;Gfis vjpu;nfhz;l NghjpYk; jkpo; czu;NthL jkpo; kf;fspw;fhfg; Nghuhbýa tPuj; jkpod;.

Neha;tha;gl;l epiyapYk; tPu czu;T Fd;whJ jkpo; kf;fspd; tpLjiyia Nehf;fhf nfhz;L nraw;gl;L te;jtu;. md;dhupd; ,og;ghy; JaUw;W ,Uf;Fk; FLk;gj;jpdUf;Fk; fl;rpapdUf;Fk; mDjhgj;ij njuptpj;Jf;nfhs;fpNwd;.

(NkNy)


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'jdpg;ngUe; jiytid jkpopdk; ,oe;Jtpl;lJ"

js;shj tajpYk; jdpj;Jtkhf> jd;khdj;jkpodhf> jl;býf;Nfl;f Ntz;býatw;iw> jl;býf;Nfl;L vLj;Jf; $ýwNtz;býatw;iw Mzpj;jukhf vLj;Jf;$ýwp jdpg;ngUe; jiytdhf ,Ue;j K.rptrpjk;guj;jpd; ,og;G vd;Wk; epug;gg;gl Kbýahjnjhd;whFk; vd mfpy ,yq;if jkpo; fhq;fpu]pd; rpNuH;l cg jiytu; 'jpy;iyf;$ýj;jd;" ,.eluh[h njuptpj;Js;shu;.

mkuu; rptrpjk;guj;jpd; kiwitnahl;bý mtu; tpLj;j mDjhgr; nra;jpapy; NkYk; njuptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sjhtJ:

rptrpjk;guk; mtu;fs; <oj;jkpopdj;ij nghWj;jtiu Xu; gOj;j %ýjwpQu;. gy Qhd#ýdpaq;fSk; murpay; njupahjtu;fSk; NgRtjw;F jpuhzp mw;wtu;fSk; mupahrdk; nrd;W VJ nra;tnjd;W njupahJ jpzWfpd;w Ntisapy; tajhy; Kjpu;e;jhYk; jdJ ,ay;ghd NguwpthYk; Mw;wyhYk; Mzpj;jukhd fUj;Jf;fis $ýwpatu;.

mg;gbýg;gl;l Xu; jkpo;j; jiytid ,oe;jJ jkpopdk; nra;j Jujpu;H;lNkahFk;. md;dhupd; Mj;kh rhe;jpf;F gpuhu;j;jpg;gJld; mtupd; FLk;gj;jpdupw;Fk; $ýl;lzpapdupw;Fk; vdJ mDjhgq;fisj; njuptpj;Jf;nfhs;fpNwd;.