Post
by aho; » 30.08.2002 8:48
fz;zd; ed;wp ypq;Ff;fpw;F
gpio jpUj;jp thrpf;f
milahskhFk; Mguzq;fs; Â
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eif Nkhfk; eq;ifaiu kl;Lkpd;wp ,d;W MltiuAk;
Ml;bg;gilfpwJ.
nghl;Lj; jq;fk; $l Nghlhj epiyapy; Ghitaupd; mq;fq;fs; %ypahf mOJ tbtJ Nghy; jUtJ vd;dNkh cz;ikjhd;. Mdhy; cupa mzpfyd;fs; VwpaJk; me;j mtatq;fs; GJg;nghyptpy; 'eif'g;gJ Nghyj; Njhd;WtjhNyh vd;dNth ek;  Md;Nwhh;fs; me;j mzpfSf;F ' eif ' vd;Dk; nghUj;jkhd  ngaiu #l;bAs;shh;fs;.
mzp vd;Dk; nrhy;Yk; 'mzpjy;' kw;Wk; myq;fupj;jy; vd;Dk; ,U nghUs; je;J eiffSf;F kW ngauhf tpsq;FfpwJ. ,e;jpahtpy;, jkpo;ehl;by; gyg;ngz;fis Kjph;fd;dpahf;fp, tdpijaiu tijf;Fk; ,e;j tujl;riz nfhLikapy; Kf;fpa ,lKk; gq;Nfw;gJk; ,e;j eif vd;why; mJ kpifahd eifay;y. rup... ,e;j eiffs;Njhd;wpd tuyhWk; njhd;ikAk; ghh;j;jhy; RitAk; tha;e;jJ.
njhlf;fk;
fhl;L tpyq;fis Ntl;ilahb tho;e;j fw;fhyk; mJ. ek; %jhijah; Gypg;gy;, ahidj; je;jk; Nghd;wtw;iw kpUfq;fspd; euk;Gfshfpa ehd;fspy; Nfhh;j;J fOj;J ,Lg;G iffspy; mzpj;jpUe;jhh;fs;.
fhyr;Row;rpapy; gUj;jp gQ;R Ehy; vd;W ehfupfk; fpisfis gug;gpaNghJ euk;GfSf;F gjpy; Ehypy; Nfhh;j;J mzpAk; tof;fk; Vw;gl;lJ. gpd;dh; ,aw;ifj;jha; toq;fpa Kj;J gtsk; kzp Nghd;wtw;wpy; kdk; yapj;j mth;fs;, mtw;wpy; Jisapl;L Nfhh;j;J mzpAk; epiyf;F Kd;Ndwpdh;. Ehy; vd;gijf; Fwpf;f ' ,io ' vd;Dk; ,d;ndhU jkpo;r;nrhy;Yk; ,Ue;jjhy; me;Ehypy; Nfhh;j;J mzpe;j mzpfSf;F' ,io ' vd;W ngaupl;ldh;. fhyg;Nghf;fpy; jq;fk; nts;sp Nghd;w cNyhq;fs; gad;ghl;bw;F te;j gpd;dh; mtw;iw cUf;fp ,Oj;j fk;gpfspy; kzp gtsk; Nghd;wtw;iw Nfhh;j;J nra;ag;gl;l NghjpYk; me;j guzq;fSf;Fk; ' ,io ' vd;Dk; gioa ngaNu epiyj;J tpl;lJ.
'apio ' [a; + ,io -- Muha;e;J nra;j Mguzk;
'mzpapio '[ mofpa Mguzk;
vd;gd Nghd;w ,yf;fpa tof;F nrhw;fs; ,jid cWjp nra;fpd;wd. Â ,Nj Kiwapy; KWf;fpa fapW vd;Dk; nghUs; jUk; 'tlk;' vd;Dk; jkpo;r; nrhy; goq;fhyj;jpy; fapw;wpy; cUthd Mguzq;fis Fwpj;J epd;wJ. ,d;W nghw;fk;gpfs; KWf;fp nra;j xUtif mzpfyDf;F 'tlk;' vd;Dk; me;j gok; ngah; toq;Ftij mwpNthk;.
milahsj;jpw;fhf Njhd;wpa mzpfs; mf;fhy kf;fs; nraw;fupa xU nraiy nra;JKbf;f cWjp GhZq;fhy; mjd; epidg;G vg;NghJ jkf;fpUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w FwpNfhspy; jk; Kd;dq;iffspy; ' fq;fzk; ' vd;Dk; xU tif tisaj;ij mzpe;jdh;. ,d;Wk; $l 'xU fhupaj;ij nra;J Kbg;Ngd;' vd;W mf;fUkj;jpNyNa fz;zhf ,Ug;ghh;fs;. mth; ifapy; vJTk; fl;lhtpbDk; fq;fzk; fl;bf; nfhz;L miyfpwhh; vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpNwhk; ,y;iyah? me;j fq;fzj;jpd; kW thh;g;G jhd; gpd;dhy; cUthd fhg;G, flfk;, tisay;, tq;fp Nghd;w ifazpfs;. gz;ghlj fhl;Lg;ghijfspy; gLj;J cwq;Fk; ghk;G Nghd;w er;Rg;gpuhzpfspy; mutk; Nfl;L tpyfTk;, Gs;spdq;fs; fhybNahir Nfl;l khj;jpuk; gae;NjhlTk; mf;fhy MltUk; kfspUk; fhy;fspy; mzpe;jpUf;Fk; mzpfyd; RoYk;, jz;ilAk;, rpyg;Gk; ,d;W vy;NyhUNk mzpAk; Nkhjpuj;jpd; Kd;Ndhbjhd; gioa fizahop. md;iwa mur FLk;gj;jhUk;, mur fl;lisia epiwNtw;Wk; mikr;rh; jsgjp Jhjh; xw;wh; Nghd;w nghWg;ghd gjtpapdUk; kl;LNk fizahop mzpth;. Mop vd;gjw;F 'rf;fuk;' vd;W mh;j;jk;.
fz;zgpuhdJ rf;fuhAjk; Nghy murdpd; Miz rf;fuk; mtdJ Ml;rp vy;iyf;Fs; tpiue;J ghAk; vd;gjhy;, kd;ddpd; Mizia nray;gLj;Jk; mjpfhupfs; ,d;iwa milahs ml;ilfs; Nghy mtw;iwg; gad;gLj;jpdh;. gpd;dhspy; tpuYf;F moF Nrh;f;f tpUk;gpa vy;NyhUNk mzpaj; njhlq;fpaJk; mJ Nkhjpukhfp tpl;lJ.
mq;fnyy;yhk; jq;fkhf kpd;dNtz;Lk; vd;w guz Nkhfk; rq;f fhyj;jpNyNa kq;ifah; kdj;jpy; GFe;Jtpl;lJ NghYk;. fhy; tpuypy; mzpAk; nkl;b Kjy; RUq; $e;jy; tfpl;by; njhq;Fk; new;wpr;Rl;b tiu vd;W ghtyh;fs; mzpfspd; ngauhy; Ik;ngUq;fhgpaq;fis f;fpj;jUk; msTf;F md;Nw eif Nkhfk; ,Ue;jpUf;fpwJ.
may; ehLfspy; me;epa nryhtzpf;Nf gad;gLk; jq;fk; Mlk;gu rpd;dq;fsha; ek;kth;fs; mq;fq;fspy; mile;J fplf;fpd;wd. '' ehd; tpUk;Gtnjy;yhk;
mzpfyd; Mlk;gu kpd;wp mNrhf tdj;jpy; ,Ue;j rPijiaj;jhd; '' vd;w mz;zy; fhe;jpapd; jq;fj;ij ehk; vg;NghJ Gupe;J nfhs;sg; NghfpNwhk;.
,d;iwa et ehfuPf mzpkzpfyDf;F ekJ NfhtpYs;s rpiyf;F mzptpf;fg;gl;l eiffspd; kW gjpg;G $l $wyhk;.
' Nfhtpy;fSs; Nfhtpy; ' vd;Wk; ' Njthya rf;futh;j;jp ' vd;Wk; 'njd; jpir NkU ' vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLk; ,uh[ uh[PRtuk; Nfhtpiy vOg;gpath; Kjyhk; ,uh[huh[d;. ,e;jg; Nguurh; xU Nguhw;wypd; nkhj;j cU. ,tUila 29 Mz;Lf;fhy Ml;rpapy; 20 Mz;Lfs; Nguuir tpuptilar; nra;tjpNyNa fope;jd. filrp gj;J Mz;Lfs; ,th; Nfhtpy; fl;LtjpYk;, fiy tsh;g;gjpYk; ftdj;ij nrYj;jpdhh;. ,e;jf; fhyf; fl;lj;jpy;jhd; jkpoupd; fiyfs; tsh;r;rpaile;jd. fhyk; fhykhf ,Ue;J te;j rpw;g, fl;ll mZF Kiwfspy; khWjy; te;jd. cNyhfj;ij cUf;fp rpiyfs; nra;Ak; fiy tpuptile;jJk; ,e;j khkd;dupd; filrp gj;J Mz;L Ml;rpjhd;.
52 Nfhtpy;fs; fl;lg;gl;ld;. 66 gbkq;fs;. mtw;wpy; ,uh[ uh[d; mspj;jit 23.
jQ;ir ,uh[uh[PRtuk; Nfhtpypd; Rth;fspy; cs;s fy; ntl;bfspd; topNa mf;fhyj;jpy; ngz;bUk; Mz; kf;fSk; mzpfyd;fs; GhZtjpy; ,g;NghJ Nghy; mg;NghJ kpfTk; Mh;tk; nfhz;bUe;jij mwpe;J nfhs;s KbfpwJ. mth;fs; mg;NghJ mzpe;J kfpo;e;j eiffspd; khjpupapy; jhNd NfhtpYf;F mzpfyd;fis mspj;jpUf;f KbAk;? mjdhy; fy; ntl;Lfspy; fhzg;gLk; eiffs; me;j ehs; eilKiwg; ghzpapy; ,Ue;jit vdf; nfhs;syhk;.
fy;ntl;Lfspd; gb mg;NghJ gad;ghl;by; ,Ue;J NfhtpYf;F mspf;fg;gl;l rpy
eiffspd; ngah;fs; :--
Vfty;yp fOj;J mzp - xw;iwr; rukhiy
fhiw fOj;J mzp
fr;Nrhyk; Â ,il mzp
fyhtk; ,il mzp
fhe;j ehz; Gs;spif [fOj;J mzp
Nkhjpuk; ,uj;jpdk; Kj;J
Kj;J khj;jpiu [fhJ mzp
gQ;rrhup Ie;J rq;fpyp nfhz;lJ
gjf;fk;.
vd;fpwJ fy;ntl;by; vOjg;gl;Ls;s Nguurh; ,uh[ uh[dpd; Miz. ,jpy; rpwg;G vd;d ntdpy; xt;nthU mzpfydpd; KOtpguKk; Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. eifapd; vil, mJ nra;ag;gl;l jd;ik
mjpy; nghUe;jpUf;Fk; Kj;J,gtsk;, ituk; Nghd;wtw;wpd; tpguk; mjd; khjpup Mfpa vy;yhk; kpfj; Jy;ypakhf vOjg;gl;bUfpd;wd.
vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf Nguurh; ,uh[uh[d; xU nja;tj;jpw;F 16 jq;f tisay;fis mspj;jpUe;jhh;. mit xt;nthd;wpd; vil Ie;J foQ;rp MW kQ;rb. xt;nthU tisaypYk; Vwj;jho 316 Kj;Jf;fs; Nfhh;f;fg;gl;bUe;jd mtw;wpd; vil 155 fy;.
,e;j gjpdhW tisay;fspd; nkhj;j kjpg;G 403 fhRfs;. Nguurupd; gl;lj;J Â murp Nyhf kfhNjtp h3 tif eiffs; mspj;jpUe;jhh;. mtw;wpy; 471 Â Kj;Jf;fSk; 20 gtsq;fSk; ,Ue;jd. Nguurh; khj;jpuk; nfhLj;jpUe;j eiffs; 42000 foQ;Rg; nghd;.
mzpfyd;fspy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l jq;fk; Kj;J Nghd;wit vg;gb vil  Nghlg;gl;ldvd;w nra;jpfSk; jug;gl;Ls;sd. Nrhoh; fhyj;jpy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l
''FbiQf;fy;'' Kiwapy; ''Mlty;yhd; NkU tplq;fd; '' vd;w ngah; nfhz;l fy;yhYk; vil Nghlg;gl;ld. mzpfyd;fis epWf;Fk;NghJ, eiffspd; ruL, rl;lk;, nrg;ghzp, muf;F MfpaitAk; eiffspd; gFjpfshfNt  nfhz;L vil Nghlg;gl;ld vd;fpd;wd fy;ntl;Lfs;. jq;fj;jpd; khw;W
mstplg;gl;lJ gw;wpa Ritahd nra;jpAk; fhzg;gLfpwJ. Nguurh; mspj;j nghd; eifapy; juj;jpw;F fhy; khw;W FiwthfNt ,Ue;jjhk;.
jz;lthzpf;F fhy; fhy; fhe;jpif ( fOj;J mzp)
flfk; nfhg;G ( fhjzp)
kFlk; Fjk;ig ( fhjzp)
gl;lk; (kFlk;)
gl;lf; fhiw ( jhypia Nfhh;f;Fk; Ghz; Ehy;)
rg;jrup ( VO rq;fpypfs;)
rpLf;F, #lfk; (tisay;)
ghj rhayk; ( fhy; mzp)
#up Rl;b (new;wpapy; mzptJ)
tPug;gl;lk; (jiyapy; mzptJ)
thsp (fhjzp)
fhiw fk;gp (fhjzp)
jpUF kfuk; (fhjzp)
cUl;L jpupruk; ( fOj;J mzp)
Jhf;fk; (fhjzp)
eadk; (fz;%b)
nghw;Gh,nghl;L.
ghrkhiy
Njhs; tis
jhyp
jhyp kzptlk;
jho;tlk;
jfL
jpus;kzp tlk;
tisay;
tLf thsp
tlk;
NjhL
jpUtbf;fhiw
fhy; tlk;
fhy; Nkhjpuk;
rd;d tlk; jpUF
fhy; fhiw
iff; fhiw khiy
gad; gLj;jg;gl;l Kj;Jf;fspy; 23 tifAk; ,uj;jpdq;fspy; hh tifAk;, ituq;fspy; hh ,Ue;jd vd;W njupfpwJ. rpy eifspd; gad;ghL ,g;NghJ Â tof;fpy; ,y;yhJ Ngha;tpl;lJ.
,g;gb kpFe;j ,iw czh;TlDk; fiyr; rpe;ijAlDk; cUthf;fg;gl;l gbkq;fSk; mtw;wpw;F mzptpj;J moF ghh;f;f mspf;fg;gl;l mzpfyd;fSk; cyfpd; ve;jf; Nfhbapy; cs;sdth... njupatpy;iy.
mzpfyd;
ngz;fs; Vd; eiffis Fwpg;ghf jq;f eiffis Mguzq;fis tpUk;gp mzpfpwhh;fs;. Kjypy; xU ghypay; Ma;thsh; nrhy;tijf; fhz;Nghk; :--
Mjp fhyk; njhl;Nl ngz;fspd; fth;r;rpukhd cly; mk;rq;fis Fwpg;ghy; czh;j;jp Mz;fspd; ftdj;ij fth;e;J mth;fis kfpo;tpg;gjw;fhf Mil mzpfyd;fshf ngz;fs; Mguq;fis mzpfpwhh;fs;. ngz;fs; Mguzq;fs;
mzptJ Mz;fSf;Fj;jhd;.
ngz;fs; mzpAk; xl;bahzk; mth;fSila FWfyhd ,ilia ntspg;gLj;Jk;.
fOj;jpy; mzpAk; rq;fpyp nef;y]; Nghd;wit ngz;fspd; khh;goif cah;j;Jtj;Jld; khh;G Nkl;bd; fth;r;rpiaAk; ntspg;gLj;j cjTfpwJ.
mNjNghy;, fhjzp fth;r;rpfukhd fhjikg;igAk;, %f;F mzpfs; %f;fpd; moif vLj;Jf; fhl;lTk; cjTfpwJ.
ngz;fspd; fth;r;rpkpf;f gFjpapy; fhy; ghjq;fs; Kf;fpakhditfs; mjdhy;jhd; rpyk;G nfhYR nkl;b ,tw;iw mzpe;J Mz;fspd; ftdj;ij fth;fpwhh;fs;
gioa fhyj;jpy; ngz;fspd; kpf Kf;fpa fth;r;rp gFjpia Rl;bf;fhl;l  ,ilapy; Kd;Gwkhf '' Nkfiy '' vd;w Milia mzpthh;fs; ,g;NghJ  mJNt ' ];tpk; #l;' Mfptpl;lJ
rup.... ,J ghypay; Ma;thh;fs; fUj;J.
,aw;ifNahL ,ize;j ekJ jkpoh; tho;f;ifapy; ,e;j mzpfyd; vg;gb kUj;Jt uPjpahf gad;gLfpwJ vd;gjid fhz;Nghk;.
ek;kth;fspd; Mil mzpfyd;fs; cly; hPjpahf, kUj;Jtk; rk;ge;jg;gl;lJ. ek; Kd;Ndhh;fs; gpd;gw;Wk; rk;gpujhar; nray;fSf;F vy;yhk; fz;bg;ghf VjhtJ xU fhuzk; ,Uf;Fk;.
jpUkzj;jpd; NghJ kzg;ngz;Zf;F nkl;b mzptpg;gij fhzyhk;. jpUkzkhd ngz;fs; fhy; tpuypy; kpQ;rp mzpaNtz;Lk; vd;gJ fhyq; fhykha;g;
gpd;gw;wg;gLk; jkpo; kf;fspd; rk;gpuhjhar; nrayhFk;.
[ngUtpuYf;F mLj;j tpuypy; ,e;j nkl;b mzptpf;fg;gLfpwJ.]
Mdhy; ehfupfk; tsh;e;J tpl;l ,f;fhyj;jpy; jpUkzkhd ngz;fs; kpQ;rp  mzpa ntl;fg;gLfpd;wdh;. jpUkzkhdjw;F milahskha; jhyp ,Ue;jhy;  kl;Lk; NghJk;, kpQ;rp Njitapy;iy vd mth;fs; vz;Zfpwhh;fs;.
me;j tpuypUe;J xU euk;G fh;g;gigf;F nry;fpwJ.ngz;fspd; fUg;ig  euk;GfSf;Fk; fhy; tpuy; euk;GfSf;Fk; xUtpj njhlh;G cs;sJ. fhy; tpuypy;  kpQ;rp mzptjhy; fUg;igapd; ePh;r; rkepiy vg;NghJk; ghjpg;giltjpy;iy.
ngz;fs; fh;g;gk; milAk;NghJ Vw;gLk; kaf;fk; the;jp Nrhh;T grpapd;ik  Vw;gLk;. fh;g;gfhyj;jpd; NghJ ,e;j euk;gpid mOj;jp Nja;j;jhy; Nkw;fz;l  NehTfs; FiwAk;. ,jid vg;NghJk; nra;Jf;nfhz;L ,Uf;f KbahJ
vd;gjw;fhf nts;spapyhd nkl;b mzptpj;jhh;fs;. fhuzk;, elf;Fk;NghJ ,aw;ifahfNt mOj;jp, cuha;j;J Nehitf; Fiwf;fpwJ. fUg;ig  ghjpg;Gfs; VJk; tuf;$lhJ vd;gjhy;jhd; fhypy; kpQ;rp mzpAk; gof;fj;ij ek; Kd;Ndhh;fs; cUthf;fpapUf;fpd;whh;fs;.
nfhYR nfhQ;rk; tpthfukhd tp\ak;.
nghJthf cly; hPjpuhf Mz;fistpl ngz;fSf;F czh;r;rp mjpfk;. me;j czh;r;rp Mz;fis tpl kpQ;rp tplf;$lhJ vd;gjw;Fjhd; ,e;j nfhYR.
czh;r;rpfs; ngUtpuypUe;J njhlq;fp Fjpf;fhy; gpd; euk;G topahf cr;rk; jiyf;F VWfpwJ. nts;spf; nfhYR Fjpf;fhy; euk;gpid cur cur czh;r;rpfs; Fiwe;J fl;Lg;gLfpwJ.
rpy tpthfukhd tp\aq;fs; ,iy kiw fdpahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf ,g;gb kiwthf itj;jdh; ekJ Kd;Ndhh;fs;
miuehz;f; nfhbmuzhf;nfhb clYf;F eLg; gFjp ,Lg;G. NkypUe;J fPohffPo;ypUe;J Nkyhf xLk; ,uj;jk; ,Lg;Gf;F tUk;NghJ rk epiyf;F
nfhz;L tu ,e;j miuehz;f;nfhb cjTfpwJ.
kfhghuj;jpy; jpUlh];jud; jd; kfd; JhpNahjdd; NghUf;F NghFKd; jiyapUe;J njhl;L rPh;thjk; nra;J, toq;fp tUk;NghJ ,Lg;Gf;F te;jTld; JhpNahjdd; fl;bapUe;j miuehz;f;nfhbahy; ,Lg;Gf;F fPo; rPh;thjk; toq;f Kbatpy;iy. gpd; JhpNahjdd; njhil gpse;J ,we;j fij vy;NyhUk; mwpe;jNj. ,e;j miuehz;f;nfhb cly; ghJfhg;Gf;Fk; gad;gLfpwJ.
%f;F Fj;JtJ fhJ Fj;JtJ [JisapLtJ clypy; cs;s thAit fhw;iw] ntspNaw;Wtjw;F. Â
ifNuif N[hrpak; ghh;g;gth;fs; Mz;fSf;F tyJ ifAk; ngz;fSf;F Â ,lJifAk; ghh;j;J gyd; $WtJ tof;fk;. Mz;fSf;F tyg; GwKk; ngz;fSf;F Â ,lg; GwKk; gykhd, tYthd gFjpfshFk;.
QhdpfSk; up\pfSk; jpahdk; nra;JNghJ tyJ fhiy klf;fp ,lJ  njhil kPJ Nghl;L jpahdk; nra;thh;fs;. ,jw;F fhuzk; ,lJ fhiy  klf;fp jpahdk; nra;Ak; NghJ tyJ gf;fkhf Rthrk; NghFk;. tyJ vd;why;  jkpopy; ntw;wp vd;W nghUs;. tyJ gf;fkhf Rthrk; nry;Yk;NghJ jpahdk;,
gpuhj;jid vy;yhk; fz;bg;ghf gyd; jUk;.
mjdhy; ,e;j ehbia mlf;Ftjhf ,Ue;jhy; tyJ gf;f Rthrj;jpw;F Â khw;wNtz;Lk;. mNj khjpup xU mikg;Gj;jhd; %f;Fj;jp.
ekJ %isg; gf;fj;jpy; `pg;Nghnjyk]; vd;w gFjp ,Uf;fpwJ. euk;G Â kz;lyq;fis fl;Lg;gLj;jf; $ba, nray;glf; $ba msT rpy gFjpfs; cs;sd.
me;jg; gFjpapy; rpy czh;r;rp gputhfq;fs; cs;sd. ,jidr; nray;gLj;Jtjw;F
me;jg; gFjp Jizahf ,Uf;fpwJ. ,g;gb ,e;jg; gFjpia mjpfkhf nray; gLj;Jtjw;Fk; ngz;zpd; %f;fpy; ,lJ gf;fj;jpy; Fj;jf;$ba Kf;Fj;jp tyJ gf;f %isia ed;whf nray; glitf;Fk;.
,lJ gf;fj;jpy; Kis milg;G vd;why; tyJ gf;fj;jpy; ed;F Ntiy  nra;Ak;. tyJ gf;fk; milj;jhy; ,lJ gf;fk; cs;s %is mjpfkhf ,aq;Fk;.
,d;iwa ek;Kila kdpj tho;f;iff;F mjpfkhf ,e;j ,lJ gf;f %isia milj;JtyJ gf;fkhf Ntiy nra;a itf;fpNwhk;. mjdhy; tyJ if, tyJ fhy; vy;yhNk gykhf cs;sJ.
ngz;fs; Kf;Fj;jp mzpAk;NghJ, Kd; new;wpg; gFjpapy; ,Ue;J Myk;  tpOJfs; Nghy;rpy euk;Gfs; ehrp Jthuj;jpy; ,wq;fp fPNo tUk;. ,g;gb  tpOJfs; %f;Fg; gFjpapYk;, [t;T Nghy nky;ypa Jthuq;fshf ,Uf;Fk;.
Myk; tpOJfs; Nghy cs;s %f;Fg; gFjpapy; xU Jthuj;ij Vw;gLj;jp  me;j Jthuj;jpy; jq;f Kf;Fj;jp mzpe;jhy;, me;j jq;fk; clypy; cs;s  ntl;gj;ij fpufpj;J jd;Ds;Ns <h;j;J itj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; rf;jpiag;  ngWk;. mJkl;Lky;y, %f;fpd; kly; gFjpapy; xU Jthuk; Vw;gl;lhy;  mjd; %yk; euk;G kz;lyj;jpy; cs;s nfl;l thA mfYk;.
rpWkpfSf;F %f;Fj;jp mzptpg;gJ fpilahJ. gUtg; ngz;fSNf  Kf;Fj;jp mzptpf;fg;g;LfpwJ. gUt taij mile;j ngz;fSf;F fghyg; gFjpapy; mjhtJ, jiyg;gFjpapy; rpytpjkhd thAf;fs; ,Uf;Fk;.
,e;j thAf;fis ntspf;nfhz;Utjw;F Vw;gLj;jl;lJjhd; ,e;j %f;F Â Fj;JtJ. %f;F Fj;Jtjhy; ngz;fSf;F Vw;glf;$ba rsp, xw;iwj; jiytyp, %f;F rk;ge;jkhd njhe;juTfs;, ghh;itf; NfhshW rup nra;ag;gLfpd;wd;.
,d;iwf;F ehfupfk; tsh;e;J tpl;ljhy; rpy ngz;fs; tyJg; gf;fk; %f;Fj;jp mzpfpwhh;fs;. Mdhy;, rh];jpu uPjpahf ,lg;gf;fk;jhd; ngz;fs; %f;Fj;jp  mzpaNtz;Lk;. ,lJ gf;fk; Fj;Jtjhy; rpy khw;wq;fs; Vw;gLk;. rpe;jdh
rf;jpia xU epiyg;gLj;JfpwJ. kdij mikjpg;gLj;JfpwJ. jpahdk;, gpuhj;jidapy; <Lgl cjTfpwJ.
xw;iwj;jiytyp, euk;G rk;ge;jkhd Neha;fs;, kdj;jLkhw;wk; Vw;glhky; Â ,Uf;f Kf;Fj;jp cjTfpwJ vd;W QhdpfSk; up\pfSk; $wpapUf;fpd;wdh;.
clypYs;s ntg;gj;ijf; fpufpj;J ePz;l Neuk; jd;Ds;Ns itj;jpUf;$ba Mw;wy; jq;fj;Jf;F ,Uf;fpwJ. jq;f eiffisg; ngz;fs; mzptjd; %yk; clypy; Vw;gLk; mjpf ntg;gk; czh;r;rpahf khWtjpypUe;J jilg;gl;LNghFk;. mr;rk;, klk;, ehzk;, gaph;g;G, Mfpa ehy;tifg; gz;Gfs; cilath;fshfj; jpfo KbAk;.
jq;f eiffs; mzptjhy; czh;r;rpg; gputhfk; jilg;gl;L ngz;fspd; cly; ntg;gk; rk epiyailfpwJ. ,jdhy; mth;fsJ tho;f;if jh;k newpfSf;F Â cl;gl;L rPuhf mikAk;.
jkpoh;fs; mzpe;J te;j mzpfspd; (eiffspd; ngah;):-
1. jiyazp:
jhok;Gh, jhkiug;Gh, nrhUFg;Gh, rhke;jpg; Gh, mLf;Fky;ypg; Gh, ,iy, murpiy, gJkk;, ruk;, Ghug;ghis, Nfhij, tyk;Gup.
2. fhjzp:
NjhL, nfhg;G, Xiy, Fio, ,iy, Ftis, nfhe;jpsNthiy,
fd;dg;Gh, KUF, tprpwp KUF, rpd;dg;Gh, ty;ypif, nrtpg;Gh, kly;.
3. fOj;jzpfs;:
nfhj;J, nfhb, jhypf;nfhb, nfhj;jky;ypkhiy, kpsF khiy,
ney;ypf;fha; khiy, kUjq;fha; khiy, Rz;ilf;fha; khiy, fLkzp khiy, khq;fha; khiy, khJsq;fha; khiy, fhiug;Gh ml;bif, mUk;Gr;ruk;, kyh;r;ruk;, fz;lruk;, fz;lkhiy, Nfhij khiy, Nfhit.
4. Ga mzpfyd;fs;:
nfhe;jpf;fha;.
5. if mzpfyd;:
fhg;Gh, nfhe;jpf;fha;g;Gh, nfhYR.
6. iftpuy; mzpfyd;fs;:
rpte;jpg; Gh, Nkhjpuk;, mUk;G, tl;lg;Gh.
7. fhy; mzpfyd;fs;:
khk;gpQ;R nfhYR, mj;jpf;fha; nfhYR, Myq;fha; nfhYR.
8. fhy;tpuy; mzpfs;:
fhd; Nkhjpuk;, fhyhop, jho;, nrwp, ey;yzp, ghk;ghop, gpy;yiz, gPyp, KQ;rp, nkl;b.
9. Mz;fspd; mzpfyd;fs;:
tPuf;foy;, tPuf; fz;il, rjq;if, miuazp, miuehz;,
gts tlk;, njhb, fq;fzk;, tPutis, flfk;, Nkhjpuk;,
nfhYR, fhg;G, gjf;fk;, tFtyak;, fOj;jzp, td;druk;,
Kj;J tlk;, fLf;fz;, Fz;lyk; MfpadthFk;.
(Fwpg;G cjtp)..ed;wp: jkpo; ehl;L mzpf yd;, rhj;jhd; Fsk; m. ,uhftd;)